[1]  The artist quoted in María Alexandra Cabrera, “Santiago Cárdenas: el ilusionista,” El Tiempo [Bogotá], April 19, 2017. 

[2]  Cárdenas quoted in Jacqueline Barnitz, Twentieth-century Art of Latin America (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001), 261.

[3]  See the relevant dates in the artist’s chronology published in Edward Lucie-Smith, Santiago Cárdenas (Bogotá: Villegas Editores, 2006)

[4]  Félix Angel, “The Latin American Presence,” in The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States, 1920–1970, exh. cat. (New York: The Bronx Museum of the Arts, 1989), 276.

[5]  Cárdenas recalls these events in Cabrera, “Santiago Cárdenas: el ilusionista.”

[6]  See the 1967 entry in the artist’s chronology published in Smith, Santiago Cárdenas.

[7]  Gina McDaniel Tarver, “Intrepid Iconoclasts and Ambitious Institutions: Early Colombian Conceptual Art and Its Antecedents, 1961–1975,” PhD. Diss. (University of Texas, Austin, 2008), 58.

[8]  Ibid., 367.

[9]  See Cabrera, “Santiago Cárdenas: el ilusionista.”

[10]  Raúl Cristancho in Santiago Cárdenas: Obra Grafica, exh. cat. (Bogotá: Banco de la Republica, 1992), np.

[11]  Bernice Rose, Santiago Cardenas, Carlos Rojas, exh. cat. (New York: Center for Inter-American Relations, 1973), np.

[12]  Cárdenas quoted in Angel, “The Latin American Presence,” 279,

[13]  Barnitz, Twentieth-century Art of Latin America, 261.

[14]  See the 1977 entry in the artist’s chronology published in Smith, Santiago Cárdenas